The first half of 2025 marked a dramatic turning point for dysprosium markets, driven primarily by China's implementation of export controls in early April. The Chinese government-imposed restrictions on seven categories of medium-heavy rare earth elements, including dysprosium, which fundamentally altered global supply dynamics given China's dominant position controlling approximately 85% of worldwide rare earth processing capacity.
Following the April announcement, overseas dysprosium markets experienced unprecedented volatility. European markets witnessed the most severe impact, with dysprosium oxide values surging nearly threefold within just one month of the controls taking effect. This rapid escalation reflected the immediate supply shortage that emerged as international buyers scrambled to secure alternative sources.
The geographic price disparity became increasingly pronounced throughout the period. While overseas markets experienced explosive growth, domestic Chinese dysprosium pricing remained relatively stable, creating an unprecedented gap between international and domestic valuations. This divergence highlighted the effectiveness of China's export control strategy and the heavy dependence of developed economies on Chinese rare earth supplies.
Supply chain disruptions were compounded by additional factors including limited rare earth ore availability from Myanmar and seasonal challenges in Southeast Asia, which traditionally supplemented global supply chains.
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In the second half of 2024, Dysprosium prices followed a volatile pattern. The market experienced significant downward pressure during the summer months, primarily due to subdued demand from the new energy vehicle sector. However, by late Q3, prices showed signs of stabilization as downstream magnetic material manufacturers maintained steady purchasing patterns.
The fourth quarter witnessed notable price fluctuations. October began with relatively stable prices, but November saw a distinct downward trend across both dysprosium oxide and metal variants. This decline was particularly pronounced in late November when prices hit lower levels across all dysprosium products, including oxides, metals, and ferroalloys.
The market dynamics were largely influenced by a polarized demand situation. While major manufacturers in the permanent magnet sector maintained robust order books, smaller players struggled with weak demand and cautious purchasing behaviour. The supply situation became more complex due to disruptions from Myanmar, which created some upward price pressure despite the overall bearish sentiment.
Dysprosium is known as a chemical element. It is one of the rare elements with a metallic silver luster. It is found in numerous minerals, like xenotime. Naturally occurring dysprosium is made of 7 isotopes, the most abundant of which is 164Dy. It is widely utilised for its high thermal-neutron absorption cross-section in making control rods in nuclear reactors for the high magnet susceptibility of reactor.
Dy
Medium source rare-earth lamps (MSRs), Alloys for neodymium-based magnets, Nuclear reactor control rods
7429-91-6, Dysprosium Metal
American Elements, Northern Minerals Limited, Ucore Rare Metals Inc.
CurrencyUS$ (Data can also be provided in local currency)
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It is derived mainly from monazite sand via ion exchange process and solvent extraction process. Another way of extracting Dysprosium is via reduction of dysprosium trifluoride with calcium.
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The report revolves around the cost analysis of production of carbon monoxide as a byproduct of the reduction of metal oxide ores with carbon.
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